Choosing the right birth control method is an important decision, and the cervical cap offers a unique option for those seeking a non-hormonal, reusable and reversible form of contraception. This small, flexible device provides a physical barrier to prevent pregnancy while allowing users to maintain control over their reproductive health. Unlike daily pills or long-term implants, the cervical cap is used only when needed, making it a convenient choice for individuals who prefer on-demand protection.
While not as widely known as other barrier methods, the cervical cap has been a trusted contraceptive option for many years. It requires proper fitting to ensure effectiveness and is often paired with spermicide for added protection. For those looking for a discreet, hormone-free alternative to traditional birth control, the cervical cap offers a reliable and practical solution when used correctly.
What Is a Cervical Cap?
A cervical cap is a small, flexible device made from either silicone or rubber that fits over the cervix to block sperm from entering the uterus. It is typically smaller than a diaphragm and can be used with spermicide to improve its effectiveness. Unlike condoms, which are used by both partners, the cervical cap is inserted by the user before intercourse and can remain in place for several hours after.
The cap is designed to be comfortable, discreet, and reusable, providing an option for those who want a barrier method of birth control but prefer not to use condoms or other products.
How Does a Cervical Cap Work?
The cervical cap works by physically covering the cervix, preventing sperm from passing into the uterus. To enhance its effectiveness, it is used with spermicide, which kills or disables sperm. After insertion, the cap stays in place, creating a seal around the cervix, ensuring that sperm cannot enter.
The cap must remain in place for at least six hours after intercourse to maintain its protective barrier. It is removed once this time period has passed, and it can be cleaned and reused for future use.
Various Cervical Cap Options, Including Sizes
The cervical cap typically comes in three sizes, small, medium, and large (as pictured below), to ensure a proper fit. The correct size depends on the diameter of the user’s cervical shape, size, and whether they have given birth - which can vary from person to person. Because every person’s cervix is different, a healthcare provider must measure and fit the cap to ensure it creates a proper seal for effective use. Some brands offer different designs or materials, with silicone caps being the most common for their durability and comfort.
Small cervical caps are typically recommended for those who have never been pregnant.
Medium are often used by individuals who have been pregnant but have not had a vaginal birth.
Large versions were designed for those who have given birth vaginally, as childbirth can permanently change cervical shape and size.
Since an ill-fitting cervical cap may not provide effective protection, it is essential to have it properly fitted and to check its fit periodically, especially after significant weight changes, pregnancy, or gynecological procedures.
Where Can a User Obtain a Cervical Cap?
Cervical caps are available by prescription and can be obtained through a healthcare provider, family planning clinics, or gynecologists. Since the fitting process is necessary to ensure the right size, it is important to consult a provider to receive the appropriate guidance. Once prescribed, a cervical cap can typically be purchased at pharmacies or ordered online, depending on availability in the region.
The cost of a cervical cap can vary depending on the brand, where you purchase it, and whether it includes a fitting consultation. On average, the cervical cap itself typically costs between $50 and $100 for the device. However, since a fitting with a healthcare provider is required to ensure the right size, the consultation may cost an additional $100 to $200, depending on your location and healthcare provider’s fees.
Some health insurance plans may cover the cost of the device and fitting as part of their contraceptive coverage, so it's worth checking with your insurance provider for specific details.
Additionally, the cervical cap is reusable for several years, making it a relatively low long-term cost compared to other birth control methods.
How to Use a Cervical Cap?
To use the cervical cap effectively, follow these steps:
- Ensure Proper Fit – Make sure you have the correct size cap for your cervix, which can be determined by your healthcare provider.
- Wash Hands - Make sure the hands are clean so as to not transfer any bacteria to the device.
- Apply Spermicide – Before inserting the cap, apply spermicide to the inside of the cap and around the rim to kill sperm and improve its effectiveness.
- Insert the Cap – Fold the cap and insert it into the vagina, ensuring it covers the cervix completely. The cap should feel comfortable and secure.
- Leave in Place – The cap must remain in place for at least six hours after intercourse but no longer than 48 hours in total.
- Remove and Clean – After the required time, remove the cap carefully, wash it with mild soap and water, and store it in a clean, dry place for future use.
Benefits & Disadvantages
Benefits:
- Non-Hormonal: Ideal for individuals who cannot or do not want to use hormonal birth control.
- Multiple Acts of Intercourse: It remains effective for up to 24 hours, allowing for more than one act of intercourse without needing to be replaced.
- On-Demand Use: Only needs to be used when necessary, unlike daily pills or long-term methods.
- Discreet – The cap is inserted before intercourse and is not visible, making it a private contraceptive option.
- Reusable – The cap can be used multiple times, offering a cost-effective solution.
Disadvantages:
- Requires Prescription and Fitting – A healthcare provider must fit the cap to ensure it fits properly, which may be inconvenient for some.
- Does Not Protect Against STIs: Should be used with condoms for added protection against infections.
- Potential for Allergic Reactions or Irritation: Some people may experience sensitivity to the spermicide or material.
- Risk of Improper Placement – If not positioned correctly, the sponge may not provide full protection.
Success and Failure Rate for Birth Control When Using a Cervical Cap
The cervical cap has a typical use effectiveness rate of 71-86%, depending on factors like correct use and whether spermicide is applied. For individuals who have never had a child, the effectiveness tends to be higher, around 86%, while for those who have given birth, it drops to about 71%.
These rates reflect the likelihood of pregnancy over the course of a year using the cervical cap. While not as effective as some other forms of contraception, when used correctly with spermicide and after ensuring proper placement, the cervical cap provides a viable option for reversible birth control.
Cervical Cap vs Diaphragm
While both the cervical cap and the diaphragm are reusable barrier methods of birth control that cover the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus, they have several key differences in size, fit, usage, and effectiveness.
Size & Shape
The cervical cap is smaller and dome-shaped, designed to fit snugly over the cervix like a suction cup. In contrast, the diaphragm is larger and more shallow, covering a wider area around the cervix rather than forming a tight seal. The cervical cap comes in three standard sizes, with the fit based on whether a person has given birth, while diaphragms are available in a wider range of sizes and rely on the vaginal walls to stay in place rather than suction.
Placement, Use, Effectiveness, & Comfort
One major difference between the two is how long they can be worn. A cervical cap can be left in place for up to 48 hours, although spermicide must be reapplied before each act of intercourse. A diaphragm, on the other hand, can be worn for up to 24 hours and also requires spermicide reapplication after each use.
In terms of effectiveness, the cervical cap is less reliable for those who have given birth vaginally due to changes in cervical shape, with failure rates ranging from 14% for those who have never given birth to 29% for those who have. The diaphragm generally provides more consistent effectiveness, with a typical failure rate of around 12%.
Some users find the cervical cap more secure because of its suction fit, but others may feel pressure on the cervix. The diaphragm, while covering a larger area, may be more comfortable for some users but can sometimes be noticeable during intercourse.
Availability
Availability also differs between the two methods. The cervical cap is less commonly prescribed, with the FemCap (pictured above left), being the only brand available in some regions. The diaphragm is more widely accessible, with the Caya diaphragm (pictured right), being a popular option that fits most users without requiring a custom fitting.
Despite their differences, both methods require a prescription, a proper fitting by a healthcare provider, and the use of spermicide for maximum effectiveness.
The Dangers of Nonoxynol-9
Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) is a spermicide commonly used with contraceptive products like the a cervical cap and other birth control methods. While it works by immobilizing sperm to prevent fertilization, it comes with potential risks that should be considered. Research has shown that Nonoxynol-9 can irritate the vaginal lining and the delicate tissues of the genitals, especially when used frequently. This irritation can increase the susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as it may cause tiny abrasions that make it easier for pathogens to enter the body.
For some people, using products containing Nonoxynol-9 can lead to discomfort, itching, or allergic reactions, which can affect sexual health and overall comfort. Although it is effective as a contraceptive, the potential for increased STI risk due to tissue damage and irritation is a significant concern, especially for individuals who are at higher risk of contracting infections.
If you're considering using a spermicide like Nonoxynol-9, it's important to weigh the benefits of contraception against the potential risks to find the method that best meets your needs.
Alternative Barrier Methods Of Birth Control?
There are several alternative barrier methods of birth control, each offering a different approach to contraception. These options are suitable for those who do not want to have children at the present date, but may so in the future. To learn more check out the page on other barrier birth control methods.
As with any contraceptive, it's important to choose what aligns best with your lifestyle and needs, and consulting with a healthcare provider can help ensure you're selecting the most suitable option for your situation.